Energy costs of lithium ion batteries?
…7 tons of CO2. Half of the energy use in lithium ion batteries is in materials, such as lithium, nickel, graphite, fluorinated polymers, fluorides, copper, aluminium and other plastics. The…
Advanced Conductors: current affairs?
…bottleneck territory? Forecasts for aluminium and copper are also revised on pages 14-15. Leading producers of Advanced Conductors are profiled on page 16. One large public conglomerate and three private…
How do commodities perform during recessions?
…in recessions? Commodities assessed in the data-file include oil, natural gas, coal, corn, iron ore (precursor to steel), aluminium, copper, zinc, nickel, platinum, silver and gold. Recessions assessed in the…
Solar contacts: silver bullet?
The front contacts in today’s solar cells are made of screen-printed silver. Thus solar cells absorbed 11% of 2021’s silver market, and growing. Silver can be substituted with copper. But…
Silver producers: leading companies?
…in the screen is c25% exposed to silver. 40% of the output is from gold-silver producers (c45% average silver exposure), 20% from gold producers (20% exposure), 25% is from copper…
Russia: a breakdown of export revenues?
This data-file breaks down Russia’s export revenues, import country by import country, looking across oil, gas, coal, steel, aluminium, copper, gold, aluminium, ammonia, agricultural products, other metals, materials and manufactured…
Renewables: can they ramp up faster?
…our assessment (page 3). Materials are more challenging, and we map out the total demand pull on global steel, copper, silicon, fiberglass and carbon fiber; and we also discuss the…
Froth flotation: the economics?
…to 10GTpa). This includes substantively all of the worlds metals, from copper, to lithium, to nickel, to graphite, to iron ore, to PGMs, to Rare Earths. It also includes over…
Wind power: energy costs, energy payback and EROEI?
…estimates for the energy costs of wind turbines are based on a full bill of materials, economic models of those materials (e.g., glass fiber, carbon fiber, epoxies, steel, copper), data…
Runaway train: energy, interest rates and inflation?
…more materials becomes harder. Unfortunately solar panels do not grow on trees. Building more solar requires building more PV silicon, or silver, or copper production facilities. These are also capital…